Transmitters and sensors

Our range of Transmitters and Sensors is designed to offer precision and reliability in industrial environments. Our products are ideal for a wide range of applications, from temperature measurement to gas and pressure detection. Each transmitter and sensor is built to the highest quality standards, ensuring excellent and durable performance. Whether you need to monitor industrial processes or control environmental conditions, E Instruments has the right solution for you, with cutting-edge technologies that ensure precise and reliable results.

Technical FAQ: Transmitters and sensors
What are industrial transmitters and sensors?
Sensors are sensitive elements that convert a physical quantity (temperature, pressure, level, flow) into an electrical signal. Transmitters integrate the sensor with conditioning, amplification and linearization electronics, providing as output a standard signal (4-20 mA, HART, Modbus, Profibus, FOUNDATION Fieldbus) usable by process control systems.
What are transmitters and sensors used for?
They are used for continuous, real-time monitoring of process variables in industrial automation, feeding PLCs, DCS and SCADA with the data needed for the control, regulation, safety and optimization of chemical, energy, food, pharmaceutical, water and manufacturing plants.
In which sectors are transmitters and sensors used?
They are used in oil & gas, chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, food, energy, water treatment, paper mills, automotive, HVAC, naval, aerospace and in every automated plant where continuous measurement of physical parameters is needed.
When to choose a single-parameter sensor and when a multi-parameter one?
The single-parameter measures only one variable (e.g. only pressure) with the maximum achievable accuracy, and it is the most widespread choice in process plants. The multi-parameter integrates multiple sensors in a single body (e.g. T + RH, T + P, T + P + Δp) reducing the number of installations, wiring and footprint.
What is the difference between sensor and transmitter?
The sensor is only the sensitive element that produces a raw, unconditioned signal (mV, mΩ). The transmitter integrates sensor + electronics + power supply, providing as output a standard industrial signal (4-20 mA, HART) immediately integrable with automation systems, without further conditioning.
What does the 4-20 mA signal mean?
It is the industrial standard for analog signal transmission in which 4 mA represents the minimum value of the scale (e.g. 0 °C, 0 bar) and 20 mA the maximum value (e.g. 100 °C, 10 bar). The "live zero" at 4 mA (instead of 0 mA) allows the minimum value to be distinguished from a cable break, ensuring diagnostics and safety.
What is the HART protocol and what is it used for?
HART (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is a digital protocol superimposed on the 4-20 mA analog signal that allows configuration, diagnostics and digital calibration of the transmitter while maintaining compatibility with existing 4-20 mA systems. Configuration is performed with a HART communicator or programmer.
What does "intrinsically safe" (Ex ia) mean?
It is an ATEX/IECEx protection method that limits by design the available electrical energy to levels below that necessary to trigger an explosion, even in case of fault. It is the safest method to install sensors and transmitters in explosive atmospheres (Zone 0, 1, 2) typical of oil & gas and chemicals.
What parameters can be measured with transmitters and sensors?
Pressure (relative, absolute, differential, vacuum), temperature, level (radar, ultrasonic, hydrostatic, capacitive), flow (magnetic, vortex, ultrasonic, Coriolis, variable area), humidity, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, valve position, vibration and many others.
How are transmitters calibrated on site?
A pressure calibrator or a multifunction calibrator is used to generate a pressure/ temperature reference, compared with the transmitter reading (via 4-20 mA or HART output), the deviation is calculated and the zero and span corrections are applied via the HART communicator.
What certifications must transmitters and sensors have?
Depending on the application: ATEX/IECEx for explosive atmospheres, SIL 1/2/3 according to IEC 61508 for functional safety applications, PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) for pressure equipment, EHEDG/3-A for food and pharmaceutical applications, IP65/67/68 for mechanical protection rating.
How often should transmitters and sensors be calibrated?
The typical interval is annual or biennial depending on criticality (in SIL applications semi-annual may be required), according to quality management system requirements (ISO/IEC 17025). For periodic calibration, HART-enabled advanced multifunction calibrators are used.